Problems and Countermeasures of Innovative Development of Southern Medicine Industry in Zhaoqing City / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Zhaoqing city is located in the midwest of Guangdong province,the middle and lower reaches of the mainstream of the Xijiang river.Many species of southern medicines grow very well in the Xijiang river basin of Zhaoqing because of existing of enormous mountainous and hilly areas,loose and fertile soil,warm climate,as well as abundant sunshine and rain.Zhaoqing has a long history of cultivating some species of southern medicines.For example,Cinnamomi Cortex was planted more than 300 years ago in Zhaoqing.Under the advocacy of national policy,the planting scale of some species of southern medicines expanded rapidly since 1980s.Up to now,plantation of the 4 species of southern medicines,namely,Morindae Officinalis Radix,Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus,Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Cinnamomi Cortex,has developed into a important representative industry in Zhaoqing.Zhaoqing also develops into the genuine producing area of this 4 species of southern medicines currently,and these products are sold well at home and abroad.Although great progress has been made in southern medicine industry in Zhaoqing,there still exist lots of problems for its future development,such as scattering planting instead of overall program,impure germplasm resources,plant diseases and insect pests,pesticide residue and pollution of heavy metal,lack of quality control in trading process,as well as absence of deep-processing and additional value of products.This paper analyzes the development status,advantages and problems of southern medicine industry in Zhaoqing,and puts forward some corresponding measures and suggestions.These proposals may have important guiding significance for promoting the development of local southern medicine industry.

Mechanisms of inhibition of invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by neferine through its influence on microRNAs / 药学学报

This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of neferine (Nef) on invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (NPC). The viability of CNE-1 and 5-8F cells was detected by CCK-8 assay after treatment with different concentrations of Nef. The effects of Nef on cell migration and invasion were detected by the scratch test and Transwell assay. Western blot analysis was used to detect the effects of Nef on levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins and transcription factors. The differentially expressed gene profiles between control group and Nef group were analyzed by microRNA microarray, combined with bioinformation analysis. It was observed that 30 μmol·L-1 Nef had no significant effect on the viability of CNE-1 and 5-8F cells. Western blot assay showed that the expression level of neurotroponin cadherin (N-cadherin) and vimentin decreased after treatment with Nef, while the expression of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) increased. The expression of transcription factors including Twist, Snail, and Slug exhibited no significant difference. Results of the microRNA microarray suggest that 10 microRNAs showed significant differences when compared with the control group. Bioinformatics analysis showed that hsa-let-7c-5p and hsa-microRNA-423-5p targeted the same downstream genes: small integral membrane protein 3 (SMIM3) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Overexpression of hsa-let-7c-5p and hsa-miR-423-5p promoted the invasion and migration ability of 5-8F cells and decreased the expression of SMIM3 and NGF. The results from this study suggest that Nef may inhibit the invasion and metastasis of NPC cells by inhibiting the expression of hsa-let-7c-5p and hsa-miR-423-5p followed by the upregulation of SMIM3 and NGF; thus, regulating the expression of EMT-associated proteins. Our data have provided experimental evidence for the inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis by Nef.

High-fat diet suppresses hepatic autophagy via p-AMPK/mTOR signal channel in mice / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effects of high fat diet on hepatic autophagy in mice and analyze the possi-ble mechanism.Methods C57BL male mice were fed with either normal diet or high-fat diet ( HFD) for 8,12 or 16 weeks .The mice were sacrificed after measuring the body weight .The mesentery and epididymal fat tissue weight ,the liver weight and the hepatic lipid accumulation were detected .The expression of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein and autophagic markers including LC3Ⅱ, P 62 protein were measured by Western blot .Results HFD-fed mice displayed significantly heavier body weight at 16 weeks and significantly heavier intra abdominal fat weight and lipid overaccumulation in liver at 8,12, 16weeks(all P<0.01).Western blot showed hepatic LC3Ⅱexpression was up-regulated mildly in HFD fed mice at 8 weeks(P<0.05), but the change dramatically was reversed , hepatic LC3Ⅱ was significantly lower in HFD fed mice at 12,16 weeks, as well as P62 was increased in HFD fed animals (all P<0.05).HFD suppressed phos-phorylation of AMPK and increased phosphorylation of mTOR levels in liver at 8,12,16 weeks, compared to the normal-diet fed mice .Conclusions Our data demonstrate that hepatic autophagy is in dynamic change in high-fat diet mice , long term high-fat diet severely suppressed hepatic autophagy , which is associated with decreased p-AMPK and increased p-mTOR.

Impact of magnetic field exposure on cardiac autonomic tone and inducibility of atrial fibrillation in dogs / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the maximal heart rate changes, atrioventricular (A-V) conduction block and atrial fibrillation (AF) inducibility in dogs with vagosympathetic trunk exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The vagosympathetic trunk of adult dogs was separated and exposed to EMFs 0.043 kHz (2.87 microG, n = 5) and to EMFs 2 kHz (0.34 microG, n = 6) for two to three hours. Simultaneously, the vagosympathetic trunk was stimulated with 20 Hz frequency and 1 - 8 V intensity for 0.1 ms. Heart rate, presence of A-V conduction block and AF inducibility were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 5-minutes exposure to EMFs 0.043 kHz (2.87 microG), the maximal heart rate decreased 29%, the voltage applied to vagosympathetic trunk required to induce A-V conduction block decreased by 60% in experimental group versus 5% increase in control group. This effect lasted 2 to 3 hours. While vagosympathetic trunk exposure to EMFs 2 kHz (0.34 microG) was associated with significant increase in the incidence of atrial premature beats, atrial tachycardia and AF, these effects could be blocked by propranolol and atropine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our results showed that 0.043 kHz (2.87 microG) EMFs exposure might reduce while 2 kHz (0.34 microG) EMFs exposure might increase AF inducibility. Our study thus suggested autonomic nervous system of dogs could be affected by EMFs exposure and 0.043 kHz (2.87 microG) EMFs exposure might be a novel option for AF prevention.</p>

Efficacy of sequential ablation of sinus atrial node fat pad and atrial ventricular node fat pad on inducibility of atrial fibrillation evoked by vagus trunk stimulation / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the efficacy of sequential ablation of epicardial fat pad on inducibility of atrial fibrillation (AF) evoked by stimulating vagus trunk.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen adult mongrel dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 9 each): Group A underwent pre-ablation of sinus-atrial node fad pad (SANFP) and subsequent ablation of atria-ventricular node fad pad (AVNFP). Group B underwent pre-ablation of AVNFP and subsequent ablation of SANFP. AF was induced by high-frequency electrical stimulation of bilateral vagus trunks. The AF inducibility and effective refractory period (ERP) changes during vagus trunk stimulation were examined before and after ablation in atria and pulmonary veins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) AF could be induced by vagus trunk stimulation and the incidence was higher during right vagus trunk (RVG) stimulation than left vagus trunk (LVG) stimulation [(60.0 ± 0.0)% vs (18.4 ± 22.1)%]. (2) SANFP ablation significantly attenuated AF inducibility with LVG stimulation and RVG stimulation at 2 V (decreased 67.0% and 72.0%, respectively). Subsequent AVNFP ablation after SANFP ablation further reduced AF inducibility with LVG and RVG stimulation at 2 V (decreased 100.0% and 95.5%, respectively). (3) AVNFP ablation (decreased 95.7% and 96.3%, respectively) and subsequent SANFP ablation after AVNFP ablation (decreased 98.0% and 100.0%, respectively) significantly attenuated AF inducibility with LVG stimulation and RVG stimulation at 2V. (4) Vagal stimulation induced ERP shortening was significantly attenuated by isolated SANFP ablation or AVNFP. Subsequent AVNFP ablation after SANFP induced significant ERP shortening in right atrial site compared with isolated SANFP ablation. However, changes of ERP shortening were similar between AVNFP ablation and subsequent SANFP ablation after AVNFP ablation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Epicardial fat pad ablation reduced the AF inducibility and prolonged ERP of atria and pulmonary veins during vagus trunk stimulation. AVNFP, as the "integration centers" modulating the vagal innervation to the atria, may be the more effective target of ablation for treating AF.</p>

Therapeutic effect of endoscopic vidian neurectomy on moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic vidian neurectomy in the management of moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis, and to explore its possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and ninety-one patients with moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis were divided into three groups: endoscopic vidian neurectomy was carried out in 71 patients (group A), partial inferior turbinectomy and/or septal-plasty in 39 patients (group B), and 81 patients were as control (group C). The life quality was assessed at 6 month, 1 year and 3 years after operation using rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) and visual analogue scale (VAS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 191 cases, one hundred and forty-five cases had complete follow-up documents. The average score of RQLQ and VAS score (x(-) ± s) were significantly decreased at the time of 6 months (0.84 ± 0.41, 2.55 ± 1.57), 1 year (0.91 ± 0.43, 2.63 ± 1.71) and 3 years (1.03 ± 0.46, 2.81 ± 1.75) after endoscopic vidian neurectomy than scores before operation (2.25 ± 0.49, 7.34 ± 1.11), F = 115.45, 133.09, respectively, P < 0.001, and also significantly lower than scores in patients in group B or control group at the same period after treatment. By patient's self-evaluation, the ratio of greatly-improved, improved and not-improved was respectively, 65.5% (38 cases), 24.1% (14 cases), 10.4% (6 cases), and significantly higher in patients in group A than in patients in group B (U = 237.0, P < 0.001) and group C (U = 246.0, P < 0.001). There was no severe complication in all patients observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Endoscopic vidian neurectomy is an effective and safe technique in the management of moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis.</p>

Experimental study on monitoring gene expression by noninvasive method in rabbit VX2 liver tumor model / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of monitoring therapeutic effect of adenovirus vector containing IL12-IRES-CKb gene on a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model by using phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 18 healthy New Zealand White rabbits were used to generate animal models by implanting VX2 tumor chips into livers through laparotomy. Tumor-bearing animals were randomly divided into three groups and were injected with AdCMVIL12-IRES-CKb, AdCMV-Empty and saline respectively via ear veins. 31P MRS scan was performed after animals were fed with creatine solution for five days. Animals were euthanized thereafter and tumors were removed for pathological examination, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and protein analysis (Western blot).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The intrahepatic and seral expressions of creatine kinase (CKb) and IL-12 were detected only in AdCMVIL12-IRES-CKb group. Tumor diameters pre- and post- treatment in three groups were 1.63+/-0.04 vs 1.62+/-0.03 in AdCMVIL12-IRES-CKb group (P = 0.229), 1.59+/-0.05 vs 1.84+/-0.11 in AdCMV-Empty group (P = 0.003) and 1.60+/-0.02 vs 2.07+/-0.12 in saline group (P = 0.001), respectively. Pcr Changes between pre- and post- treatment among the three groups were compared (F = 6.235, P value is less than 0.05). PCr increased significantly in AdCMVIL12-IRES-CKb group as compared to AdCMV-Empty (P = 0.004) and saline group (P = 0.049), whereas no change found between AdCMV-Empty and saline group (P = 0.153).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>31P MRS, an effective and non-invasive functional imaging method, can be used to monitor the therapeutic effect of adenovirus vector containing IL12-IRES-CKb gene on rabbit VX2 liver tumor model through detecting metabolic product of imaging reporter gene CKb (pCr).</p>

Development of microsatellites of Dendrobium officinale and its application in purity identification of germplasm / 药学学报

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) was used to investigate the genetic diversity and structure of Dendrobium officinale. A total of 15 primer pairs with stable and repeatable polymorphism were screened out from 60 SSR primer pairs developed by the method of microsatellite enrichment by magnetic beads. Forty-eight samples of Dendrobium officinale were analyzed in genetic polymorphism. These loci were polymorphic and displayed 3 to 9 alleles per locus with a mean number of 6.1. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.60 to 0.85 and from 0.49 to 0.85 respectively. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of each SSR locus varied from 0.437 to 0.829 with an average of 0.702. Fifteen primer pairs were used in Dendrobium cross-species amplification and totally 13 primer pairs were proved to have the transferability in D. officinale related species. In addition, 500 tissue culture plantlets of D. officinale were tested for purity identification by means of PCR amplification with four SSR primer pairs. The results showed that SSR technique is a feasible, simple and inexpensive method for determining adulterants in germplasm identification.

Role of folate receptor 1 in paclitaxel-resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide experimental evidence for the folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) mediated targeted cancer therapy and resistance reversal, the FOLR1 expression differences in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE-1) and immortalized normal nasopharyngeal cells (NP69) and the correlation between FOLR1 expression and paclitaxel resistance index in nasopharyngeal carcinoma were investigated.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of FOLR1 in CNE-1, CNE-1/Taxol (paclitaxel-resistance cells) and NP69 was detected by cDNA microarray, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Proliferation inhibition rates of CNE-1 and CNE-1/Taxol cells were measured by colony formation assay after treated by short interfering RNA (siRNA) of FOLR1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expressions of FOLR1 gene in CNE-1/Taxol cells and CNE-1 cells were 2636.0 and 176.0, respectively. The expression of FOLR1 was not detected in the NP69 by semi-quantative RT-PCR and Western blot. The high expression of FOLR1 in CNE-1/Taxol was verified by semi-quantative RT-PCR, and its expression level was positively correlated to the degree of drug-resistance (r(2) = 0.8719). The results were also validated by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. The sensitivity of CNE-1/Taxol to paclitaxel significantly increased after inhibition of FOLR1 gene expression by siRNA, and its IC(50) value was decreased by 59.6% (t = 6.92, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of FOLR1 is closely related to the occurrence of NPC and Taxol resistance. FOLR1 gene may be one of the important target molecules in NPC treatment and reversion of the paclitaxel-resistance in NPC.</p>

Nerve remodeling in a canine model of atrial fibrillation induced by 48 hours right atrial pacing / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the nerve remodeling induced by 48 hours right atrial pacing in a canine model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rapid right atrial pacing (600 beats/min) was performed in 6 mongrel dogs of either sex for 48 hours to induce sustained atrial fibrillation (AF). Six dogs without pacing served as controls. Cardiac nerves were immunocytochemically stained using anti-growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) and anti-choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) antibodies to compare nerve sprouting and pneumogastric nerve remodeling between the 2 groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In dogs with AF, the GAP43-positive and CHAT-positive nerve densities in the left atrium, left auricular appendage, right atrium and right auricular appendage were significantly higher than in control animals (all P < 0.05). Moreover, nerve density was significantly higher in the right atrium than in the left atrium in dogs with AF. Microscopic examinations revealed an inhomogeneous distribution of cardiac nerves.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Significant nerve sprouting and pneumogastric nerve remodeling were evidenced in the right and left atrium in a canine model of sustained AF induced by 48 hours right atrial pacing.</p>

Analysis and authentication of cpDNA psbA-trnH regions of Dendrobium species of fengdous / 药学学报

The psbA-trnH regions of Dendrobium species of Fengdous were sequenced by our research group. The psbA-trnH sequences of fifteen Dendrobium species were analyzed with software MEGA 4.0. The results showed that the lengths of sequences varied from 721 to 767 bp. The variable sites were 42 while the informative sites were 11. Genetic distances were calculated using the Kimura 2-parameter model. Genetic distances varied from 0.0013-0.0183 among fifteen species while the average genetic distance was 0.0148. The interspecies differences of psbA-trnH regions were demonstrated. Six indels happened in this fragment, which led to the great difference of sequence lengths among fifteen species. We found that there were no population differences in the psbA-trnH region of various species of Fengdous so far. By using the database of various Dendrobium species of Fengdous and two genetics software, the botanical origin of the inspected species of Fengdous was authenticated successfully by sequencing the psbA-trnH regions. The psbA-trnH region of cpDNA can be used as a candidate marker for authentication of Dendrobium species of Fengdous.

Causes and revision endoscopic sinus surgery for recurrent sinusitis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the causes of revision endoscopic sinus surgery (RESS), and to evaluate the clinical effect and experience of RESS in the patients with recurrent sinusitis.@*METHODS@#Before the revision surgery, 168 patients (225 sides) with recurrent sinusitis were examed by CT scans and nasal endoscopy. All patients were operated by revision endoscopic sinus surgery.@*RESULTS@#Among the 168 patients, 95 cases (121 sides) had incomplete middle turbinate, 51 cases (75 sides) had maxillary sinus ostium stenosis, 85 cases (117 sides) had nasal cavity adhesion, 48 cases (57 sides) had uncinate process residual, 38 cases (65 sides) had ethmoid hyperostosis, and 25 cases had nasal septum deviation. One hundred and six patients (134 sides) were cured, 40 patients (56 sides) were improved, useful 22 patients (35 sides) were ineffective.@*CONCLUSION@#The most common surgical causes of failures in endoscopic sinus surgery are the disease area remnant, nasal cavity adhesion, maxillary sinus ostium stenosis, uncinate process residual, ethmoid hyperostosis, and nasal septum deviation. Revision endoscopic sinus surgery is a useful way to treat recurrent sinusitis. Preoperative CT scan, correct choice of the anatomic marks of orientation and direction function are the key to operation successful.